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Jackson Heights, Queens

Jackson Heights is an early-20th-century neighborhood in central Queens, composed of low-rise garden apartments and houses as well as institutional and commercial buildings. It was the first and remains the largest garden-apartment community in the United States— the product of both the early 20th-century model tenement and the Garden City movements.

Jackson Heights was designated as a New York City Historic District in 1993, and an extension of those boundaries, which would meet those of the 1998 National Register Historic District, is currently being sought. This would include buildings that, due to the restrictions placed upon them by the Queensboro Corporation, possess the same quality design, materials and scale of the earliest buildings creating historic Jackson Heights.

To learn more about Jackson Heights click here

La Mesa Verde Designation Request

The La Mesa Verde Apartments were built by the Open Stairs Dwelling Company (OSDC) and designed by Henry Atterbury Smith.  The OSDC acquired the land from the Queensboro Corporation, the developer of Jackson Heights, and completed the La Mesa Verde Apartments in 1926, making them contemporary with the already designated Jackson Heights Historic District.  Smith also designed (the already designated) East River Homes (also known as the Shively Sanitary Apartments and the Cherokee Flats) in 1912.  The La Mesa Verde Apartments are similar in concept to the East River Homes.

The complex is made up of six detached buildings, connected by sky-bridges, located between 90th and 91st Streets, between 35th and 34th Avenues.  The buildings are set at an angle to the street grid, and form a saw-tooth pattern down both blocks.  They enclose a large internal garden courtyard, similar to the garden apartments built by the Queensboro Corporation.  There are no interior hallways at the La Mesa Verde; all apartments are reached directly from the open stairs.  There is only one elevator for these six-story buildings.  Tenants on higher floors ride the elevator up to the roof, then walk across the sky-bridges to their buildings, and then walk down the stairs to their apartment.

At the La Mesa Verde Smith was influenced any ancient pueblo architecture of the American Southwest.  Pueblo buildings of similar height, with their flat roofs and ladder-like stairs were his primary inspiration.  There were practical advantages to this: “Think of having your own cottage outside door, although living on the fifth or sixth floor.  Open stairs make possible elevator apartments with no smells from the basement and absolutely no stair odors from other people’s apartments.” (quote from Queensboro Magazine)

Here are some comments about the importance of these buildings from Columbia Professor Richard Plunz:

In the 1920s the work of Henry Atterbury Smith, who had pioneered an earlier generation of philanthropic housing including the open stair tenement, paralleled (Andrew) Thomas’ and (Henry) Wright’s housing research.  His work was far more exploratory, however.  In 1917 Smith set a precedent with the first theoretical work proposing that building geometry could deviate from the geometry of the New York gridiron.  He suggested that buildings did not have to be oriented along lot lines and argued that other geometries, based on purely functional considerations such as light and view, might be superimposed on the gridiron.  (page 174)

Smith’s Mesa Verde housing was more radical.  The project, which was completed in 1926, assimilated many of his ideas of the previous decade.  (page 176)

By 1926 the Mesa Verde was as radical an alternative to traditional housing as anything realized in the Netherlands and Germany  (page 180)

  1.  History of Housing in New York City,   Richard Plunz, page 174-180 (that includes original photos of the La Mesa Verde Apartments)
  2. Jackson Heights – A Garden in the City,   Daniel Karatzas  pages 79-81
  3. Robert A.M. Stern, “The New York Apartment House”  Via  Volume #4  1980  page 83
  4. Queensboro Magazine  November 1925  page 642

HILLCREST COURT

70–35 Broadway;
S. L. Malkind;
1926|

This six story apartment building has its primary entrance on Broadway, making it the only structure in the historic area located on that thoroughfare. Hillcrest Court is on an unusual triangular lot and features five towers, each connected by a recessed wing located in the middle of the building. Highlights include brickwork that simulates quoins and colonnaded loggias that top the Broadway towers.

WASHINGTON PLAZA

73–12 35th Avenue;
Sylvan Breine;
1940|

Washington Plaza consists of seven buildings: six, six story apartment buildings and a single-story gatehouse. These Art Deco buildings are red brick and feature decorative geometric banding and round-cornered fire escapes. The most intriguing part of this apartment complex is Washington Plaza Park, designed by the architect in 1941. The .54-acre park begins behind the gatehouse, where a path divides to surround a cascading pool before leading to a separate pool at the top of the complex. Stepped paths surround each pool and are accompanied by many gardens. Some of the plantings found in the park include silver birch, flowering crabapple and white dogwood trees, rhododendrons, red and pink azalea, roses, forsythia, pink mountain laurel and hydrangea. There is also an herb garden of basil, parsley, chive, dill and rosemary.

HOMESTEAD HALL

33–11 to 33–46 and 33–12 to 33–48 70th Street;
Arthur E. Allen;
1928|

Homestead Hall consists of 19 two- and three-story attached brick garden residences. These Neo-Tudor dwellings feature multi-story slate roofs, half-timbering, stucco with brick and stone insets, and chimneys topped with pots. These houses along 70th Street evoke an intimate garden feel with the most closely spaced sidewalk trees in the area. Each residence has a patio tucked behind a deep front garden and possesses a rear garden as well.

SPANISH TOWER HOMES

34–30 to 34–52 75th Street;
J. Case & Peter Schreiner;
1927|

The Spanish Tower Homes include 10 three- and four-story detached tan brick houses. The first floors of these dwellings have no windows and instead feature French doors that open on to wrought-iron balconettes. Some windows on upper floors have original wood shutters, and the corner houses feature fourth-floor loggias. These houses have shared driveways with detached garages in the rear.

FAIRWAY HALL APARTMENTS

76–09 34th Avenue;
Joshua Tabatchnik;
1936|

Named for the former golf course on which it stands, this six-story apartment building has a distinct roof line featuring battlements and ramparts. Semicircular towers flank the main entrance on 34th Avenue. Garden areas that were designed as part of Fairway Hall include the front and side courtyards, sidewalk tree plantings, and a grass-covered curb median.

HAWTHORNE COURT

35–13 to 35–55 76th Street and 35–14 to 35–56 77th Street;
George H. Wells;
1922|

Hawthorne Court is an extensive complex made up of 14 five-story buildings set back-to-back. The buildings have red brick façades set in Flemish bond with white stone trim and lintels with keystones. The architect George H. Wells incorporated projecting entrances in the design of these apartments, a hallmark of his work. The entries have short stoops and alternate between Doric column details or flat pilasters with wooden doors surrounded by leaded-glass transoms and sidelights. Each entry is topped with an iron ballustrade.

THE BERKELEY APARTMENTS

35–25 77th Street;
Joshua Tabatchnik;
1936|

The Berkeley Apartments is an example of the later development that occurred in Jackson Heights. The single large building has two light courts that break up the massive structure. The Neo-Georgian building imposes on half of the block and features brickwork resembling quoins, brick bandcourses, pilasters capped with stone and brick pediments, and brick parapets topped with stone urns. Joshua Tabatchnik also designed Berkeley Gardens, which are similar and located around the corner on 35th Avenue.

HAMPTON COURT

35–16 to 35–56 79th Street and 35–15 to 35–55 78th Street;
George H. Wells;
1921|

Hampton Court is one of Jackson Heights’ earlier garden-apartment complexes. The 11 buildings occupy almost the entire block and enclose a garden at the center. Additionally, there was a garden at each end of the block originally. These buildings, like many of George H. Wells’s designs, are Neo-Georgian in style and are red brick laid in Flemish bond with white trim. The facades and entries differ between 78th and 79th Streets.

THE GREYSTONES

35–15 to 35–55 80th Street;
George H. Wells;
1918|

Originally named “The Garden Apartments,” The Greystones was the first garden-apartment complex in Jackson Heights. These 14 T-shape buildings are each five stories. They are Neo-Tudor in style and are gray brick with stone basements and keyed stone window trims. The complex features both front and rear landscaped gardens

THE TOWERS

33–15 to 33–51 80th Street and 33–16 to 33–52 81st Street;
Andrew J. Thomas;
1924|

The Towers are composed of eight freestanding U-shape buildings, four on 80th Street and four on 81st Street. The buildings are placed back-to-back and enclose an interior garden that is accessed by gated entrances located between the buildings. The yellow-brick apartment design is inspired by Italian Romanesque and Renaissance architecture; highlights include red-tile roofs, arcaded sixth-story loggias and tower belvederes.

ENGLISH GARDEN HOMES

33–18 to 33–44 83rd Street;
Alfred H. Eccles;
1928|

Along 83rd Street there are 13 English Garden homes, each three stories high. The houses in the middle have slate mansard roofs, while those on the ends have front facing gabled roofs with side-facing dormers. All of these structures have continuous brick bandcourses under the second-story windows and feature cast-stone window boxes with brick brackets under the first-floor windows.

ONE-FAMILY HOUSES

33–23 to 33–45 84th Street;
Charles J. Stidolph;
1928|

Charles J. Stidolph designed eight three-story brick houses on this block. Three different features were used to visually separate the residences: peaked front-facing gable, shed dormer and cut hip gable. The residences are unified by scale, projecting entries, slate roofs and detached garages. Not located within the historic district, these houses have experienced some alterations including painted copper flashing and iron fencing, removal of shutters, and metal awnings over entries.

THE SAYBROOK

85–10 34th Avenue;
Joshua Tabatchnik;
1936|

The Saybrook is a large six-story brick apartment building with a grand garden entrance courtyard visually defining the east and west wings. Interesting design details include brickwork simulated quoins and bandcourses at each floor and pediments that rise above the parapets at the roofline.

HOUSES

34–15 to 34–51 86th Street;
Robert Tappan;
1927|

These beautiful houses on 86th Street are actually double-houses that appear to be large single-family homes. Each house is set back from the street and has a front garden separated by brick garden walls between each property. These Neo-Georgian style homes feature red brick with white trim façades, slate roofs with prominent chimneys, and classically inspired entries.

LA MESA VERDE APARTMENTS

34–19, 34–33 and 33–47 90th Street;
Henry Atterbury Smith;
1926|

La Mesa Verde is composed of six, six-story V-shape buildings connected by narrow open-air rooftop bridges. Three front onto 90th Street and three front onto 91st Street, creating a sawtooth pattern. Rather than having interior hallways, the Neo-Classical style buildings each have three recessed exterior stairways with apartment entrances at each landing and topped with an iron-and-glass skylight. The interior courtyards and buildings remain fairly intact, save for tennis courts that were lost in the 1950s.

 

If you are a resident of La Mesa Verde who is experiencing problems with the rent or the management of the building, we suggest that you contact Queens Legal Services at 347-592-2200.The Historic Districts Council included La Mesa Verde in its 2011 Six to Celebrate program to celebrate this building’s architectural significance and we are not affiliated with the property.

Si usted es residente de La Mesa Verde y tiene problemas con su renta o con la administración del edificio, le sugerimos que se contacte con  Queens Legal Services  al teléfono 347-592-2200. El Historic Districts Council incluyó a La Mesa Verde en su programa Six to Celebrate de 2011 con el objetivo de celebrar su valor arquitectónico, y no tenemos ninguna relación con esta propiedad.  

 

 

 

 

POLK ARMS

89–01 to 89–31 37th Avenue;
Oscar Goldschlog;
1927|

Polk Arms consists of two six-story Neo-Classical style apartment buildings. Commercial space and entrances dominate the 37th Avenue façade, while residential entries are located on the side street. These red-brick buildings feature cast-stone entries, bandcourses and panels along the roofline. Original landscaping includes courtyards and sidewalk trees. Unfortunately, some original planting areas of this non-landmarked building have been paved over.

TWO-FAMILY “CONVERTIBLE” HOUSES

35–16 to 35–56 87th Street;
C. F. & D. E. McAvoy;
1926|

These seven double-houses on the west side of 87th Street are arranged in a symmetrical pattern and are in the Neo-Tudor style. The residences possess features such as landscaped front gardens, shingled roofs, steep gables, half-timbering and bracketed flower boxes. Each house shares a common driveway and has a paired garage that matches the house.

LINDEN COURT

37–11 to 37–59 84th Street and 37–12 to 37–60 85th Street;
Andrew J. Thomas;
1919|

Linden Court, the earliest entire-block development in Jackson Heights, is made up of 10 four story apartment buildings. The buildings are situated back-to-back and have a common interior landscaped yard. These apartments were the model for subsequent block-plan garden apartments in the neighborhood. Linden Court was also the first complex to have parking facilities, which are located in the light-court areas at the rear of the buildings. These Neo- Georgian style apartment buildings feature patterned brickwork, keystones, sun porches and loggias.

Jackson Heights Music Fest Opens in Travers Park

Music will be filling the streets of Jackson Heights this summer starting this weekend. The “Summer Sundays in the Park” festival is bringing stellar artists to Travers Park every Sunday afternoon through August 25. There’s something for everyone. “Queens – and Jackson Heights in particular – are known and lauded for their diversity, so why…